What to Provide Your Family for Red Cross While in Military

Servicemen participate in the Range Practise, a stage of the Masters of Reconnaissance contest, as part of the 2015 International Army Games. Source: Yevgeny Kurskov / TASS

During the war machine campaign in Syrian arab republic, the Russian military machine has confirmed its standing as one of the best armies of the world, demonstrating a high level of technical potential and combat training. Simply as recently as 2008 before the conflict with Georgia began, no ane was able to predict the readiness or effectiveness of the Russian Army.

The Russian Army was afflicted by a pregnant moral and material decline subsequently the collapse of the Soviet Union. Only over the last seven years, the Russian Regular army has been able to revive itself and get one of the about efficient armies in the globe. Over the past year, Russia has played an agile role in armed forces operations and major training exercises, as well every bit continuing army reforms that began back in 2008.

Public attitudes

War machine service in Russia has historically acted every bit a career boost. In Soviet times, the army was known as the Workers' and Peasants' Regular army and it acquired a certain prestige; compulsory service lasted just 2-3 years and was regarded as an obligation for men. With its opportunities to learn a trade, military machine service gave many – particularly those from villages – a start in life.

Sergey Shoigu. Source: Ramil Sitdikov / RIA Novosti

During the upheavals in Russia in the 1990s, however, serving in the military lost its value as the armed services received trivial funding, new equipment was not purchased, practically no military preparation took place and many career officers resigned in order to support their families.

"In the 1990s, I remember that every officeholder, including me, tried to wear a military uniform as fiddling as possible – it was embarrassing. The military officers and then were losers – people who could non get a good job stayed in the regular army. So people attended armed services service in their noncombatant clothes," recalls Colonel Vladimir G.

This difficult menstruation for the Russian Army lasted more than ten years. Following Sergei Shoigu's engagement as Defense Government minister, military pay increased significantly, with the monthly allowance existence raised six-fold from RUB 12,000 or $170 to RUB 50,000 or $720 for a lieutenant. The housing issue has been addressed and about armed forces members that had been waiting on a list for 20 years have been given housing.

The staging of military exhibitions is now open to the public. The revival of DOSAAF (Volunteer Lodge for Cooperation with the Army, Aviation and Navy), which trains young people budgeted the conscription age in military occupational specialties and also develops and popularizes military sports, including target shooting and battlefield orientation, take also borne fruit. As a consequence, public attitudes to army service and a career in the military have started to modify. Wearing epaulettes have become prestigious once again and military service, whether conscription or professional, have made a comeback as a sign of masculinity.

In a recent survey past the Russian Public Opinion Research Eye, 64 percent of respondents said that the army was the all-time place for a young man to get a skillful moral and physical education, almost twice as many equally the 33 percentage that said as much in a similar survey in 1990 on the Soviet Army.

Another positive factor is that living weather condition are also perceived as having improved significantly: lx percent described them as "good," compared to just 18 percent in 1990.

Being employed past the war machine has become more prestigious in contemporary Russian society, although frequently it is used as a springboard for a career rather than a demonstration of an interest in war machine affairs.

"I don't want to connect my fate with military service in the future," says Vladimir P., a sergeant in the military commandant'south office in Sevastopol. "I programme to start a career in authorities service or the FSB. They take people there that are just getting out of the army."

Generally, the motivation is material.

"Similar a lot of people, I was tempted by the high pay compared to noncombatant workers," says Anna Z., a lieutenant serving in a Moscow-based unit. "That was my chief motive for joining the armed services."

Apart from this revival of its social role and an increased involvement in the military as a profession by young people, the Russian army has inverse in many other ways over the terminal three years.

War machine training

Under the previous Government minister of Defence force, Anatoly Serdyukov, it was decided that all of Russia's military units had to exist in a constant state of combat-readiness. Since and then, the percentage of professional person soldiers has increased every year and their number should reach 425,000 by 2017. Having so many professional members of the forces requires the abiding improvement of their theoretical noesis and the development of combat skills at military machine preparation facilities. The introduction of new military equipment that requires appropriate grooming further complicates matters.

Members of the Novosibirsk Military Command University team crossing a water obstruction during the 2015 International Army Games. Source: Yevgeny Kurskov / TASS

It is no surprise that large-calibration training exercises and surprise inspections have become commonplace in the Russian military. Co-ordinate to experts, in his first year as Defense force Government minister in 2012 Shoigu intensified the training processes for military personnel. Afterwards seven dissimilar training exercises in 2010 to 2012, there were five surprise inspections of combat-readiness in 2013 alone for Russian army units in dissimilar regions of the land.

From 2013 to 2015, there were xx surprise inspections and exercises involving foreign and Russian personnel. The quality of the skills learned can be seen in Russian federation's current anti-terrorist operations in Syria.

In full general, the process of improving the gainsay readiness of Russia's forces covers several major factors: developing and improving individual abilities and the skills of personnel; improving the cohesion of the war machine regime and their leadership methods; and organizing and supporting cooperation betwixt the different types of armed forces.

In terms of scale, the most impressive stage of military training is the operational and strategic manoeuvres that involve 10,000s of personnel and 1000s of units of military equipment. They aid Russia's military machine command to practice a modern form of personnel deployment for the future development of the army and navy.

Arms, equipment and clothes

Serdyukov had lobbied for the buy of more than foreign-made military goods, but Shoigu has reduced such purchases to a minimum since becoming Defense Minister. For instance an order for 1,775 Italian Iveco-LMV65 armored vehicles has been cancelled (although Russian federation still bought 358).

The state of emergency introduced in Russia. Armed forces detachments in Moscow. Source: Alexander Polyakov / RIA Novosti

Additionally, steps accept been taken to substitute imported components with Russian-made equivalents. The conflict with Ukraine has dealt a meaning accident to Russia's defense manufacture, forcing the state to produce helicopter and ship engines domestically. Russia had been buying a considerable range of military products from its neighbor and the need to notice alternatives naturally delayed the introduction of new equipment.

Fifty-fifty and then, Russia intends to modernize seventy percent of its weaponry by 2020.

"Indeed, at a certain time nosotros increased defence force spending," said Prime number Minister Dmitry Medvedev in an interview on December 9, 2015. "By that betoken the condition of our war machine hardware was below par. Now we've brought this spending up to international levels."

As it stands, in 2015 half of the Russian army'due south military equipment is already new, so the target does not seem unreasonable.

For example, Russia'south army is already existence equipped with the Ratnik infantry combat system, which includes the new AK-12 rifle. It now has more than state-of-the-art Tornado-Yard multiple launch rocket systems, 120-mm Khosta self-propelled guns and Khrizantema-South cocky-propelled anti-tank missile systems. Information technology is also getting the latest Iskander-1000 tactical ballistic missile systems.

Too as an increase in the number of armored trucks and cars of various classes and functions, the regular army is getting modified BTR-82 and BTR-82A armored personnel carriers. A decision has likewise been fabricated to go back to purchasing BMD-4m infantry fighting vehicles. The armored forces accept been given tanks such equally the T-72BA, T-80BA, T-80UA, T-80U-E1 and T-90A. In the near time to come, the forces should get the latest models based on the Armata heavy tank platform.

The country's air defense forces have been given the latest Triumph S-300V4 and South-400 surface-to-air missile systems.

The aerospace forces have the latest Sukhoi Su-34, Su-30 and Su-35 fighter shipping and the Mil Mi-28N and Kamov Ka-52 helicopters. Some of them have shown their capabilities in military machine operations against ISIS in Syrian arab republic. Air-to-surface missiles such as the Kh-29L and the Kh-101 have also proved their worth.

The navy is existence provided with new types of vessels and submarines equipped with constructive weapons systems, such as the well-known Kalibr cruise missiles used by Russia confronting ISIS. It also now has cutting-edge submarines equipped with Bulava ballistic missiles.

The scheduled replacement of basis-launched ballistic missiles is likewise under way. Russia's Strategic Missile Troops are being equipped with new Topol-M and Yars intercontinental ballistic missiles.

The defense manufacture and R&D

The Russian government allocates significant resource not only to providing the ground forces with mod equipment and weaponry, but too to research and development.

At the terminate of 2013, a new federal law was passed establishing control mechanisms for the defence industry. Now, several agencies will simultaneously monitor how public funds allocated to new weaponry for the army are spent.

One of Shoigu'south first steps as defense force minister was to increment the number of employees working in equipment acceptance inspection to 25,000 in society to make cooperation between the armed forces and the defense industry more effective. Representatives of the military at defence force manufacture companies monitor production quality, which significantly reduces the number of complaints before the products are brought into service.

In early 2015, by presidential decree, principal designers were put in charge of work on creating strategically important systems. There volition be no more than 20 such designers, but their status and responsibilities volition increase. As such, Russia'southward defense industry has returned to something resembling a Soviet-era system of control: at the time main designers heading the design offices made decisions apropos the direction of R&D in creating advanced technology.

Conscripts and professionals

The Soviet structure of the armed services was completely dismantled as a result of the armed forces reforms of 2008 under Serdyukov. The large divisions, which complicated the command structure, were replaced by mobile brigades that meet the requirements of modern warfare.

Participants dressed every bit Carmine Army soldiers seen in Moscow'south Red Square ahead of a armed forces parade, Nov seven, 2015. Source: Stanislav Krasilnikov / TASS

The army itself is condign more professional and gradually moving abroad from universal conscription. In that location are already more professional members of the forces than conscripts.

However, Russia is not in a position to cancel conscription altogether. Its economy today cannot back up a fully professional regular army and in whatsoever instance the number of professional members of the forces is 400,000 less than the one thousand thousand proposed past the state's military leaders. Apart from the U.S., no state in the globe today has the capacity to maintain a professional ground forces of one meg soldiers.

Unconventional methods are being used to increase numbers. For example, following an thought from Shoigu, and then-chosen "inquiry squadrons" accept been set up in the regular army. These are units where conscripts can appoint in defense force research while completing their armed services service. The Ministry of Defense expects that soldiers from these research squadrons volition be more willing to sign professional contracts after completing their compulsory armed services service.

Armed services education

Military machine instruction is one of the best and most prestigious forms of didactics in Russia. This goes for both secondary war machine education (such as the cadet corps and the Suvorov and Nakhimov schools) and college military education (including academies, war machine universities and advanced military institutes).

All of these academic institutions have their ain specialization – air, bounding main, applied science or command. The military higher education institutions accept i huge advantage over their civilian counterparts: graduates from a military higher education institution have two areas of expertise (military and civilian), making it easier for them to find work.

Young women can also enter military schools. For case, at the level of buck education in Russia at that place is an elite boarding school for female Ministry of Defense pupils and some military higher education institutions let women to study sure specialist military machine fields including communications, military medicine and certain control positions.

From 2010 to 2012 some armed forces institutions temporarily ceased taking in new students considering of the reduction in the number of officers in the armed forces, but they are now accepting them once again.

Read more: Where do women stand in Russia's armed forces in the 21st century?

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Source: https://www.rbth.com/defence/2016/01/13/whats-new-with-the-russian-army_559053

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